Taking Shenzhen City as a case study, Equal Standard Pollution Load Index and Equal Standard Pollution Load per Product were used to analyze the characteristics of heavy metals discharge from industrial pollution sources, including pollutant species, temporal-spatial distribution, and industrial contribution. The comparison analysis between 1996 and 2007 was made to examine the characteristics of heavy metals discharged in the recent ten years. The results exhibit as follows: 1) The ranking of average heavy-metal equal standard pollution load was given in the order from large to small as Cr( Ⅵ) , Cd, Pb, Hg and As over the last decade. 2) The amount of heavy-metal discharge increased whereas the amount of heavy metals per product decreased from 1986 to 2007. 3) Compared with other administrative districts and river basins, Longgang District and Pingshan River Basin occupied the highest proportions of pollution load and pollution load per product in 1996, whereas Futian District and Shenzhen River Basin were the highest in 2007. 4) Electronic & Communicating Equipment Manufacturing( ECEM) Industry and Metal Product Manufacturing (MPM) Industry were the top two industries with the maximum pollution load and pollution load per product in 1996 and 2007. The results indicate that Cr( Ⅵ) is the priority pollutants and efforts should be fixed on the ECEM and MPM industry.

A newindex of long-termflood impact on sustainability (LFIS) was proposed, considering the multiple impact of flood on the complex social-economic-environmental system. This index extended the current economic loss basedflood risk analysis into a more comprehensive perspective. Rapid assessment approach was applied for the evaluation and ranking of LFIS using 2359 counties/cities of mainland China as mapping units. The mainland China was zonedinto five kinds of regions, classified in terms of different grades of LFIS, i.e. very high, high, medium, low and very low. The spatial characteristics of LFIS were discussed for regional, provincial and urban levels. The results are helpful for the decision-making of integrated sustainable flood prevention, mitigation and recovery.

Rapid assessment approach is applied to the flood hazard and sustainable development in China based on specified multi-layer indicator systems using county level administrative region as mapping units. According to the interrelationships of flood hazard and sustainable development index, a new classification system is used to map China into four regions. The regional differences of the flood hazard impacts on the sustainable development in these four zones are discussed. Moreover, each zone is further classified into several sub-zones. The characteristics of major and typical counties (cities) are further discussed based on statistics of counties (cities) in different sub-zones.